{"id":1707,"date":"2022-10-27T08:24:30","date_gmt":"2022-10-27T06:24:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blogs\/product-co2-footprint-vs-environmental-footprint\/"},"modified":"2025-11-11T12:34:50","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T12:34:50","slug":"product-co2-footprint-vs-environmental-footprint","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/nl\/blog\/product-co2-footprint-vs-environmental-footprint\/","title":{"rendered":"CO2 footprint vs. Environmental Footprint of Products: The Main Differences"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A product CO<sub>2<\/sub> footprint (or product carbon footprint) tells you how much global warming your product causes throughout its life cycle.<\/p>\n<p>But dig deeper \u2013 and you find <strong>many more environmental crises<\/strong> worth caring about.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s why next to product CO<sub>2<\/sub> footprints, there are also product environmental footprints. Environmental footprints cover 15+ different impact outcomes (e.g. water scarcity, land use, health endangerment, etc.) \u2013 including CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions.<\/p>\n<p>But are these product footprints measured the same way? Which product footprint type should you choose? This article covers:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What product CO<sub>2<\/sub> &amp; environmental footprints are +\u00a0 how they compare;<\/li>\n<li>How companies use these two different footprints;<\/li>\n<li>The best way to measure both footprints.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The difference: CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0footprint vs Environmental footprint of a product<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Product CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0footprint: Definition<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>A product <\/b><strong>CO<\/strong><sub><strong>2<\/strong> <\/sub><b><\/b><b>footprint, also called a product carbon footprint,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> measures the effect the Greenhouse gasses (GHGs) caused by a product \u2013 have on our earth\u2019s climate. It\u2019s mostly based on the scientific method Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) but only focuses on the impact outcome of global warming.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Besides CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, there are many more greenhouse gases. Some are stronger than others (like carbon), but they all cause climate change by trapping heat in the earth\u2019s atmosphere.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The name product carbon footprint seems a bit odd because carbon is just one of the GHGs. But the reason it\u2019s called \u2018product carbon footprint\u2019 is because it sums up all these different GHG emissions into one unit: carbon. Their effect is expressed relative to the effect of a kg (or a ton) of CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. That\u2019s why a unit of a carbon footprint is expressed as <\/span>CO<sub>2 <\/sub><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-equivalents. It keeps it simple(r).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Product Environmental Footprint: Definition<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A product environmental footprint, often also called a Life Cycle Assessment, assesses the environmental impacts of <\/span><b>all chemical emissions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and resource depletion caused by a product. Not solely GHG emissions, as in a product carbon footprint.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental footprint is another name for the outcome of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA is the scientific method for measuring the environmental footprints of products. The result is 15+ environmental impact outcomes, also called <\/span><b>impact categories<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It\u2019s the complete environmental impact package of a product.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These impact categories can be seen as several \u201csub-footprints\u201d so to say, and also includes your product\u2019s carbon footprint. Other impact categories are e.g. water depletion and toxicity impacts. Find the whole list and description of categories <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/impact-categories-lca\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">here<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Table 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_24149\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 609px;\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24149\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-24149\" src=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Environmental-footprints-vs.-carbon-footprints-300x253-1.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 609px) 100vw, 609px\" srcset=\"\" alt=\"Environmental footprints vs. carbon footprints\" width=\"609\" height=\"514\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24149\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Environmental footprints vs. carbon footprints<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21491\" src=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screenshot-2022-10-07-at-17.04.36.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" srcset=\"\" alt=\"Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): How it works_Ecochain\" width=\"1030\" height=\"666\" \/><figcaption>Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): How it works<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How companies use product footprints<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Product CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0footprints help:<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reporting products\u2019 carbon impacts. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This helps marketing and awareness-spreading to consumers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Carbon <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.offsetguide.org\/understanding-carbon-offsets\/what-is-a-carbon-offset\/\"><b>offsetting<\/b><\/a><b>. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By quantifying the emissions of a product, companies and their customers can fund measures that prevent or remove an equivalent amount of GHG emissions elsewhere.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Complying with climate policy.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Think of carbon taxes and the European emission-trading scheme. These depend on the exact amount of emissions caused.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Product environmental footprints help:<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reporting products\u2019 full environmental impacts (including CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/b><b>\u00a0footprint)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Two common reporting standards are:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental product declarations (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/environmental-product-declaration-epd-overview\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EDP<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) report environmental impacts concisely. Companies may be asked for this by regulation or customers. For companies In the construction industry, an EPD of the planned project can help win tenders.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Product environmental footprints (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/product-environmental-footprint\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PEF<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) are currently developed by the EU. The PEF will provide LCA -standards for many product categories. This facilitates comparing the environmental impact of products within the same category. In which form the PEF will lead to product labels and whether they will become mandatory, remains to be decided.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Quantifying environmental <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/e\/externality.asp\"><b>externalities<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/environmental-cost-indicator-eci\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental Cost Indicator<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/what-is-an-environmental-profit-and-loss-account\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental Profit &amp; Loss Account<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> translate all environmental damages into a single monetary score. They make the environmental damages caused to society transparent \u2013 the damage that\u2019s not reflected in product prices (they are \u201cexternalized\u201d). It helps compare products and product aspects regarding their total impacts. And shows which impact category is most important.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Designing more sustainable products \u2013 based on environmental data.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> An environmental footprint (LCA results) shows you exactly<\/span><b> (1)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where your product\u2019s environmental impact comes from &amp;<\/span><b> (2) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which impact categories are most important to tackle. It provides 15+ different impact outcomes for all your processes, materials, and transportation used \u2013 throughout your product\u2019s full lifecycle. Enabling companies to make impact reduction improvements that tackle impact problems <\/span><b>at the source.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calculating Product CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0footprint vs. Product Environmental footprint<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. Calculating CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0footprints: LCA or Carbon footprint calculator\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Perform a Life Cycle Assessment: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An LCA gives you the complete environmental footprint, with the carbon footprint included. This can be calculated in LCA tools, such as our product footprint software Ecochain (for both <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">individual products or your whole product portfolio<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). To obtain CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0footprints from LCA, you can conduct a complete LCA \u2013 and report only the climate impacts. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">Use a carbon footprint calculator: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alternatively, you can conduct an incomplete LCA that only looks at GHGs. The GHG protocol<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> provides guidance for this in the 2010 \u201cproduct standard\u201d. This standard builds upon the LCA framework as defined by the ISO standards and <\/span><a style=\"font-size: revert; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.carbonconstruct.com\/pdf\/pas_2050.pdf\">PAS 2050<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, older guidance to product-GHG footprints.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You go through the normal LCA stages. But you only collect data on GHG, not on all emissions. Your results in the climate category are just as valid as if you had done a complete LCA. However, you do miss out on the rest of your impacts.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>*Note: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most product carbon footprint calculators adhere to the GHG Product Protocol Standard or LCA standards (ISOs). If they don\u2019t- you won\u2019t have credible, usable product carbon footprints. So always check!<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Calculating environmental footprints: LCA<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the only way to measure environmental footprints. The principles and frameworks of this scientific methodology are defined in the ISO standards 14040 &amp; 14044.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Use an LCA tool:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Performing LCAs manually is difficult and very time-consuming. Make your life easier and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use an LCA tool<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to start with LCA<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>LCAs offer you much more than solely your carbon footprint. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It provides a complete and honest picture of your product\u2019s environmental impact. Allowing for the most impactful sustainable efforts.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To get you into LCA we have an extensive <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/life-cycle-assessment-lca-guide\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">beginners guide to LCA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Here\u2019s a very short summary of performing an LCA in 4 steps:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Define your goal. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This includes project management: think about responsibility, budget, and time frame. Your goal determines the manner of conducting and reporting your LCA.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Check the rules. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To obtain an EDP or other certification from a (country-)specific verifier, their specific requirements might need to be fulfilled. Based on these rules and\/or your goal, choose how extensive your LCA should be.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/input-data-for-lca\/\"><b>Collect the data<\/b><\/a><b>. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Create an inventory of the number of materials, energy, and direct emissions that are used or caused for your product. While there are databases that help you fill the gaps, the more <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/primary-vs-secondary-data-in-lca\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">primary<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> data you can gather from your supply chain the more accurate your results will be.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Calculate your impacts.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In this step, you connect the data you collected to the corresponding emissions. We recommend using LCA tools.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Get a feel for LCA with the <a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/mobius\/free-trial\/\">7-day free Ecochain trial<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"elementor elementor-22795\" data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"22795\">\n<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4b0e63cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4b0e63cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-34fcb826\" data-id=\"34fcb826\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b77589b elementor-cta--skin-cover elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"4b77589b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">Measuring Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) was never this easy. With Ecochain.<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><i>(External) References:<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carbon offset guide (n.d.): What is a Carbon Offset? <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.offsetguide.org\/understanding-carbon-offsets\/what-is-a-carbon-offset\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.offsetguide.org\/understanding-carbon-offsets\/what-is-a-carbon-offset\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Investopedia (2020): Externality: What It Means in Economics, With Positive and Negative Examples. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/e\/externality.asp\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/e\/externality.asp<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The impact categories of an environmental footprint: https:\/\/ecochain.com\/knowledge\/impact-categories-lca\/<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A product CO2 footprint (or product carbon footprint) tells you how much global warming your product causes throughout its life cycle. But dig deeper \u2013 and you find many more environmental crises worth caring about. That\u2019s why next to product CO2 footprints, there are also product environmental footprints. Environmental footprints cover 15+ different impact outcomes [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":1708,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"industries":[14,15,16,17,18],"use-cases":[21,23],"departments":[29],"class_list":["post-1707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-product-carbon-footprint-pcf","industries-apparel","industries-construction","industries-food-beverage","industries-other","industries-packaging","use-cases-lca","use-cases-sustainability-claims","departments-sustainability"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CO2 footprint vs. Environmental footprint of products - Differences<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A product CO2 (carbon) footprint tells you how much global warming your product causes throughout its life-cycle. 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