{"id":1841,"date":"2021-07-02T14:41:10","date_gmt":"2021-07-02T12:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blogs\/is-biobased-always-sustainable\/"},"modified":"2025-03-26T11:59:40","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T11:59:40","slug":"is-biobased-always-sustainable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/de\/blog\/is-biobased-always-sustainable\/","title":{"rendered":"Does \u2018Biobased\u2019 Always Mean \u2018More Sustainable\u2019?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Biobased materials are either completely or partly made from natural materials, they are renewable, and they even absorb <\/span>CO<\/span>2<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNatural\u201d materials sound more sustainable. But is that really the case? Is biobased really better for the environment?<\/span><\/p>\n

First: what does \u2018biobased\u2019 actually mean?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u2018Biobased\u2019 specifies the<\/span> source<\/b> of materials. It refers to materials that are made from <\/span>renewable<\/b> resources and consist at least partially of biological materials. Think of fibers, sugar(s), microorganisms, or proteins.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Because biobased materials are renewable, they need to be able to <\/span>grow back naturally<\/b> and do so within a <\/span>short-term<\/b> period (generally 10 years).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Whilst fossil fuel-based materials disrupt the natural cycles on earth- biobased materials are actually <\/span>part<\/span><\/i> of our natural cycles. Meaning: by using biobased resources- we aren\u2019t depleting our earth.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

And that\u2019s not all.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Whilst
Image 1. <\/em><\/strong>The circular economy systems diagram: Biological vs technological materials. \u2013 Source: <\/em>Ellen MacArthur Foundation<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

What are the sustainable benefits of biobased materials?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

First, most<\/em> biobased resources <\/span>absorb CO\u2082<\/b>\u00a0from the atmosphere when they grow (e.g. trees and plants). And they <\/span>retain <\/b>this CO\u2082<\/span> in their material\/product form until they get disposed of (e.g. when they\u2019re burned), which can take over 100 years. Because they temporarily store CO\u2082<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and release it again afterward- biobased materials can become climate-neutral. Yet, this is <\/span>only<\/b> the case, if their CO\u2082<\/span> storage time is more than 100 years, and if the amount of CO\u2082<\/span> stored is higher than the material\u2019s production and transport emissions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Second, because these materials are made from <\/span>renewable resources<\/b>\u2013 we can \u2013 in theory \u2013 grow and use endless streams of resources without depleting the earth. A wonderful thing that decreases our <\/span>dependence on fossil fuels<\/b>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Finally, biobased materials are often made up of <\/span>residual streams<\/b> from agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. Think of hemp, flax, straw, or even tomato and bell pepper stems (insulation material). But also the lignin (wood dust) used in biobased asphalt is a good example. Using residual resources is very sustainable because you simply don\u2019t have to grow <\/span>new<\/span><\/i> materials.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sounds like biobased products are perfect for mother earth. But we wouldn\u2019t be writing this article if there wasn\u2019t also a flipside to it.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Image 2. Wood chips are a residual product from wood processing and can, for example, be used to make wooden chipboards for construction or furniture.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Do biobased materials have environmental impacts?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Transitioning to the use of biobased materials and products seems very logical and future-proof.<\/span><\/p>\n

But <\/span>even the most renewable, biological, or natural materials can potentially hide a big mountain of environmental impact.<\/span><\/p>\n

The extent to which a biobased material is more sustainable than a fossil fuel-based material depends on a number of (sometimes hard to assess) factors: how the resources for the materials are grown, the local production circumstances, the type of biobased product you want to create, and what kind of biobased resources you are using.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Image 3. Is your biobased material more sustainable than a fossil-fuel-based material?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1. The agricultural impacts:<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Unless it\u2019s a residual product, the production of biobased resources requires land use. This either results in a change of land use (e.g. land that was previously nature) or it becomes competition for food production. A big problem of intense cultivation and inadequate soil management here is <\/span>soil depletion<\/b> (where soil loses its fertility).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Next to that,<\/span> irrigation<\/b> within agriculture is a big issue in many countries where there is already water scarcity- causing major biodiversity issues. Furthermore, the production of biobased resources often requires the use of <\/span>pesticides and\/or fertilizers<\/b>. It also often uses <\/span>fossil fuels<\/b> for cultivation and harvesting. You can imagine all of this results in a high impact on our ecosystems.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A practical example comes from our customer, paper producer <\/span>Crown van Gelder<\/span>. In search of a sustainable alternative to the paper pulp used for their paper production, they tested pulp from elephant grass. Yet their <\/span>LCA<\/span><\/a> results showed the amount of elephant grass they needed required a significant amount of land and water use. So, they chose the more sustainable alternative; sugar beet pulp. A <\/span>rest stream<\/i><\/b> from sugar production.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"
Image 4. Crown van Gelder\u2019s sugar beet paper is characterized by the small spots in the paper.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2. The local production circumstances:<\/b><\/h3>\n

The sustainability of a biobased product also depends on the local circumstances in which it is produced. Because depending on where the resources are produced, it can be difficult to control these local circumstances. Good and bad agricultural practices can take place anywhere around the world. This is why it\u2019s our responsibility to make sure our supply chains (mainly upstream) aren\u2019t depleting our earth.<\/span><\/p>\n

We should make sure that growing biobased resources is done in a <\/span>sustainable, socially responsible, and transparent manner<\/b> (e.g. sustainable forestry). If possible- preferably closer to home so we can ensure it does not heavily impact other local ecosystems.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A good example of taking responsibility for local production circumstances comes from one of Ecochain\u2019s customers <\/span>Zwart Hout<\/span><\/a> (Black Wood). Zwart Hout produces black charred wood and practices sustainable forestry to retrieve the wood. They make sure that for every tree they use, they plant two new trees. And the most important thing; they do this locally<\/em> as much as possible, both near Leersum (NL) and in their location in France.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

3. The type of biobased product you want to create:\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n

Thirdly, the sustainability of a biobased material depends a lot on <\/span>what kind of product<\/b> you want to make. For certain products, it can be easier to apply biobased resources as a replacement for fossil-fuel-based products. For others, it could require extra use of other ingredi\u00ebnts to ensure the same quality. The extra heaps of ingredi\u00ebnts necessary could then result in an even higher impact than before.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

For example, elephant grass or another biobased fiber- can be used as a filling material in biobased concrete. Yet, to ensure the concrete meets the industry quality standards, more water, and a higher cement level are necessary. This then decreases the overall sustainability of the product.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

4. The type of biobased resources you are using:<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Finally, whilst some biobased resources are very sustainable (rest products), others can simply have a very large environmental impact. The best example here is wool. Wool is a biobased resource of course, but it comes from livestock. Therefore, in order to \u2018grow\u2019 wool, the sheep need food, water, and land. All whilst producing large amounts of greenhouse gasses (GHG) and threatening soil and water quality.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A good example here is our customer <\/span>Renewaball <\/span><\/a>who designed a circular tennis ball. During their designing process, it became clear that their main ingredient wool had the highest impact out of all ingredients (almost 70% of the total impact). Even though in this case- it was retrieved from within Europe instead of New Zealand. Resulting in shorter transport distances. This meant they had to change other aspects of the product (such as the tennis ball & wool recycling phase) to reduce the product\u2019s environmental impact.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Renewaball\"
Image 5. Renewaball makes a conscious tradeoff to reduce microplastics related to Nylon -which is not present in the Renewaball- and the increased GHG emissions due to the higher wool (biobased) content. Renewaball wants to use recycled wool to further reduce the GHG impact related to wool.\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Is the use of biobased materials always the better option?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Well, it really depends.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Biobased materials have environmental footprints as well. They can <\/span>still<\/b> harm our ecosystems or health. However, many biobased materials also have <\/span>immense sustainable potential<\/b>. And with increasing circular demands from society and governments, we simply can\u2019t go around this promising potential anymore.<\/span><\/p>\n

Whether biobased materials are more sustainable simply differs per product. Our advice? Always look at the <\/span>life cycle of your product.<\/span><\/a> And if possible- calculate the associated environmental footprints (LCA). This will give you all the information necessary to make well-informed decisions and design innovative and sustainable products without \u2018surprises\u2019.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Biobased materials are either completely or partly made from natural materials, they are renewable, and they even absorb CO2. \u201cNatural\u201d materials sound more sustainable. But is that really the case? Is biobased really better for the environment? First: what does \u2018biobased\u2019 actually mean? \u2018Biobased\u2019 specifies the source of materials. It refers to materials that are […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":89,"featured_media":1842,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[],"industries":[],"use-cases":[20,21,22,23,24],"departments":[25,26,27,28,29],"class_list":["post-1841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-other","use-cases-ecodesign","use-cases-lca","use-cases-portfolio-analysis","use-cases-sustainability-claims","use-cases-sustainable-supply-chain","departments-commercial","departments-other","departments-production","departments-rd","departments-sustainability"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDoes \u2018biobased\u2019 always mean \u2018more sustainable\u2019?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Biobased materials sound very 'natural' and sustainable. But is this really always the case? 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