{"id":1732,"date":"2022-08-11T15:34:12","date_gmt":"2022-08-11T13:34:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blogs\/primary-vs-secondary-data-in-lca\/"},"modified":"2025-03-05T13:01:31","modified_gmt":"2025-03-05T13:01:31","slug":"primary-vs-secondary-data-in-lca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/de\/blog\/primary-vs-secondary-data-in-lca\/","title":{"rendered":"Primary vs. Secondary Data: What\u2019s The Best In LCA?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>To make an LCA of your product(s) you need data. Think of\u00a0the energy usage for your manufacturing and waste processes, data on your purchased &amp; used raw materials, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Much data can be found in your own finance or purchase department. But with supply chain data (e.g. purchased raw materials) it\u2019s trickier.\u00a0How do you get to know the exact raw impact behind the specific materials you purchase? It\u2019s information your suppliers hold.<\/p>\n<p>This\u00a0<strong>raw\u00a0<\/strong>supply chain data is called<strong>\u00a0primary data.\u00a0<\/strong>And it\u2019s\u00a0<strong>crucial<\/strong>\u00a0for credible footprint calculations.<\/p>\n<p>After reading this article you know:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The difference between primary and secondary data in LCA<\/li>\n<li>Why primary data is so important in LCA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>1. What\u2019s the difference between primary &amp; secondary data in LCA?<\/h2>\n<h3>Primary data: The \u2018foreground\u2019 system<\/h3>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/repository\/handle\/JRC85205\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European Commission<\/a> defines primary data as <em>\u201c<\/em><i>directly measured or collected data representative of activities at a specific facility or set of facilities\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11367-017-1391-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Primary data<\/a> is (highly) specific and accurate raw data that\u2019s directly collected\/measured from main sources. In the case of LCA this covers:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>raw process- and site-specific data<\/li>\n<li>raw data from suppliers and distributors<\/li>\n<li>raw data on the use phase of your product (how your product is used by consumers)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For example, think of the emissions that are directly related to a specific process. Or your exact purchased and used raw materials, your energy use, your waste processes, etc. Or how often your product is used by consumers. You can collect this data using invoice bills (bookkeeping), metered data, manufacturing site visits, surveys, etc.<\/p>\n<p>However, often a large chunk of this data can be found at suppliers or distributors. To get this information, you can request inventory data from these important value chain stakeholders. Yet, the best option is to ask for <strong>LCA\u2019s of their products.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In LCA terms this primary data is called your <strong>\u2018foreground\u2019 system<\/strong>.\u00a0It includes all the necessary <strong>raw<\/strong> <strong>inputs<\/strong> of your product\u2019s lifecycle that are then connected to corresponding impacts in an LCA.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/input-data-for-lca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more about the specific data you need to make an LCA of a product here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Secondary data: the \u2018background\u2019 system<\/h3>\n<p>Secondary data, however, are <strong>already existing<\/strong> scientific databases collected by previous researchers. The <a href=\"https:\/\/publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/repository\/handle\/JRC85205\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European Commission<\/a> defines secondary data as \u201c<i>data that is not directly collected, measured, or estimated, but rather sourced from a third-party life-cycle-inventory database<\/i>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>These existing databases are made available for companies to use for their own research. In the case of LCA, this is called the Life Cycle Inventory database. <a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/what-is-ecoinvent\/?utm_campaign=Newsletter&amp;utm_source=hs_email&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_fhMewdRzSysfJW6oXRHVrh9uUlVevJadw9fTKEuJHr1xcSFdJBu-GIeoppF96Z6t_4Lm6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hs-link-id=\"0\">EcoInvent<\/a> is one of the main LCI databases in our footprint tools.<\/p>\n<p>The LCI database gives you already existing (average) environmental background data on supply chains \u2013 without having to really dive into your raw supply chain data. In LCA terms this secondary data is called your \u2018background system\u2019. Companies often don\u2019t have access to all their primary data (yet), secondary data then functions to <strong>fill these gaps.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>2. Why is primary data so important in LCA?<\/h2>\n<p>Because secondary data is more accessible, it allows you to create LCA\u2019s\u00a0<strong>faster\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013 without the hassle of asking suppliers for primary data. It can already give you a very good indication of your\u00a0<strong>impact hotspots.<\/strong> These impact hotspots show you where you need to focus for further sustainability research &amp; improvements.<\/p>\n<p>However, secondary data won\u2019t show the <strong>accurate, authentic raw data<\/strong>\u00a0from your suppliers, making your\u00a0 LCA more generic and not completely \u2018true-to-reality\u2019.\u00a0 Something that could lead to criticism and potentially\u00a0greenwashing claims.<\/p>\n<p>So, using (as much as possible) primary data from suppliers is important as:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>It makes your LCA more credible through accurate raw data that\u2019s specific to your footprint study \u2013\u00a0 instead of relying on averages.<\/li>\n<li>It provides you with more reliable, authentic and objective footprint insights. This allows for focused and effective sustainable efforts and gives companies more ownership over their LCA\u2019s.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Read our supplier collaboration tips below:<\/h4>\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex\"><a class=\"blog-button\" href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/finding-sustainable-suppliers\/\">5 steps to get suppliers on board with sustainability<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To make an LCA of your product(s) you need data. Think of\u00a0the energy usage for your manufacturing and waste processes, data on your purchased &amp; used raw materials, etc. Much data can be found in your own finance or purchase department. But with supply chain data (e.g. purchased raw materials) it\u2019s trickier.\u00a0How do you get [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":89,"featured_media":1733,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[],"industries":[14,15,16,17,18],"use-cases":[21],"departments":[25,26,27,28,29],"class_list":["post-1732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-life-cycle-assessment-lca","industries-apparel","industries-construction","industries-food-beverage","industries-other","industries-packaging","use-cases-lca","departments-commercial","departments-other","departments-production","departments-rd","departments-sustainability"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Primary vs. secondary data - What&#039;s the best in LCA? - Ecochain<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"To make a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of your product(s) you need data. 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