{"id":1658,"date":"2023-03-22T16:17:21","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T15:17:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blogs\/how-to-define-the-goal-scope-of-your-lca\/"},"modified":"2025-11-10T11:10:25","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T11:10:25","slug":"how-to-define-the-goal-scope-of-your-lca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-define-the-goal-scope-of-your-lca\/","title":{"rendered":"How to define the goal &#038; scope of your LCA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the Goal and Scope (LCA Phase 1) phase of making a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) you specify:<\/span><b> what, why, how, and for whom your LCA is relevant<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It\u2019s a crucial phase in making LCAs, as it determines your outcome and how you interpret and check your results. That\u2019s why you always return to this phase \u2013 throughout the later LCA Phases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article covers how to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Define the Goal<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Specify your scope and set system boundaries<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Choose the right LCA methodology<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-854\" src=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/LCA-Process_01-300x240.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" srcset=\"\" alt=\"4 Phases of an LCA - All Phases\" width=\"620\" height=\"496\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Image 1: The first Phase of an LCA defines its Goal and Scope.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Define your LCA\u2019s Goal (why and for whom)<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why is this study conducted?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the Goal definition, get clear on why you conduct the LCA, and how you intend to use the results. Do you, for example, want to know the environmental impacts of an existing product? Compare products*? Or use the LCA as a basis for design- or corporate decisions?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">* In case you want to make public claims about the superior environmental performance of your product vs. a competing product (which would be called\u00a0 a \u201cpublic comparative assertion\u201d), special requirements for critical review apply \u2013 our specialists can tell you more.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For whom is this study conducted?\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Likely, the section above already gives you a clue about your audience: is it product designers, decision makers inside or outside your organization, customers, or the public?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consumers want to make sustainable choices, governments want to design good policies<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Knowing your intended audience, and what insights are relevant for them,\u00a0 will help streamline your Impact Assessment (Phase 3) &amp; Interpretation (Phase 4).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, it is great (though not mandatory) to state <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by whom <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the study is conducted, funded, and reviewed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Define your LCA\u2019s Scope\u00a0 (what and how)<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Scope gets more pragmatic: what is the product you assess, and how do you set up your study to achieve your Goal? For this, you define:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Functional unit: what you\u2019ll assess<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">System boundaries: what you won\u2019t assess<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Methodological choices: how to assess<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Product &amp; Functional Unit- Define what to assess<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You want to assess the footprint of product x. Say a toaster. Ok, let\u2019s go!\u00a0 Well\u2026 not so fast.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In LCA, you always define what you assess with a \u201cFunctional Unit\u201d. This is any quantifiable unit in which you measure your product\u2019s footprint. For example, <strong>a number of<\/strong> products, like 1 kg of eggs. Or a quantity attached to its <strong>function<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imagine you have a toaster. First define its function: \u2018toasting\u2019. Now how do you measure this toasting? By defining a functional unit: for example \u2018toasting 2 slices of bread\u2019. If we want, we can further specify the functional unit, for example, by adding a timeframe (if this is what we want to know!). This would be: you could assess the footprint of \u2018toasting 2 slices of bread in 1 minute \u2013 with your toaster\u2019.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comparing functional unit<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you compare your product\u2019s footprint to another product, according to the functional unit \u2013 ensure they both comply with said functional unit!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Going back to our toaster example. If you\u2019re comparing three toasters for the functional unit \u201ctoasting 2 slices of bread\u201d, you compare them on how much energy, materials, etc. they need to make 2 toasts. The one toaster might need less energy to produce the same amount of toast as another toaster.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your data needs to be collected in accordance with your functional unit. For example, when your product unit is in kg mass, all your input data (i.e. raw materials, processes, packaging materials, etc.) has to be converted to the functional unit: kg mass.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comparing functional units<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you compare your product\u2019s footprint to another product, according to the functional unit \u2013 ensure they both comply with said functional unit!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, if you\u2019re comparing three toasters, you compare them on how much energy, materials, etc. they need to make \u2018a\u2019 toast within 1 minute. One toaster might need less energy to produce the same amount of toast as another toaster.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">System boundaries \u2013 Define what not to assess<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Setting healthy boundaries is key to keeping your cool, also in LCA. To decide which life cycle phases to include in your LCA, choose a \u201clife cycle model\u201d: e.g. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/cradle-to-gate-what-is-it-how-does-it-work-in-lca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cradle-to-Gate<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/cradle-to-grave-in-lca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cradle-to-Grave<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/cradle-to-cradle-in-lca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cradle-to-Cradle<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This determines <\/span><b>which materials, transport, energy use, waste streams, and process emissions are part of our product system <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(and which are not). On those, you collect data in Phase 2 \u2013 learn how to do that <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/input-data-for-lca\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">here<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_24431\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 588px;\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24431\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-24431\" src=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Life-Cycle-Models_LCA_Ecochain-300x240-1.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" srcset=\"\" alt=\"Life Cycle Models_LCA_Ecochain\" width=\"588\" height=\"471\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24431\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>Image 2. Life Cycle Models in LCA<\/em><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Methodology \u2013 Define how to assess<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Like all scientific methods, LCA requires \u201cmethodological choices\u201d. According to ISO 14040, you need to define allocation methods, the geographical &amp; temporal scope, etc. But these are things the Ecochain LCA software and our specialists will guide you through.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Particularly, you\u2019ll choose an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/helpcenter.ecochain.com\/lcia-methods\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LCIA method<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> here \u2013 this might be prescribed by the LCA or reporting standard you follow.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26522\" src=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/How-to-choose-your-LCA-standard-method-database_Ecochain-300x244-1.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 787px) 100vw, 787px\" srcset=\"\" alt=\"How to choose your LCA standard, method &amp; database_Ecochain\" width=\"787\" height=\"640\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Image 3. How to choose an LCA standard, method &amp; database.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4>How far do you want to go?<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also, in your Scope, you indicate how far you\u2019re willing to go for good data. Data quality and the time\/effort to collect data require balancing. Thus, think about how much primary data you already have, or are able to get from suppliers.\u00a0 For a screening LCA \u2013 to get a first impression \u2013 primary data is less relevant. You can set higher data quality requirements later!<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conclusion<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your Goal and Scope set the course of your whole LCA. BUT: LCA is an iterative process, and Goal and Scope might be readjusted in later LCA-Phases. For example due to better data availability or new insights.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transitioning to the next LCA Phase (Inventory analysis) you\u2019ll collect data. <a href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/blog\/input-data-for-lca\/\">Read our data collection article here.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the Goal and Scope (LCA Phase 1) phase of making a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) you specify: what, why, how, and for whom your LCA is relevant. It\u2019s a crucial phase in making LCAs, as it determines your outcome and how you interpret and check your results. That\u2019s why you always return to this [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":10148,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[],"industries":[14,15,16,17,18],"use-cases":[21,24],"departments":[25,26,27,28,29],"class_list":["post-1658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-life-cycle-assessment-lca","industries-apparel","industries-construction","industries-food-beverage","industries-other","industries-packaging","use-cases-lca","use-cases-sustainable-supply-chain","departments-commercial","departments-other","departments-production","departments-rd","departments-sustainability"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to define the goal &amp; scope of your LCA | Ecochain<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to get started with LCAs by defining the goal and scope of the analysis, and the correct methodology for your product.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ecochain.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-define-the-goal-scope-of-your-lca\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to define the Goal &amp; Scope of your LCA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"An LCA enables you to measure the environmental footprint of a product. 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